Brain-based learning, sometimes called brain compatible learning, is a current educational theory that has many educators reconsidering traditional instruction methods. The theory asserts that under the proper circumstances, the brain will learn naturally, without reason to force something that occurs as a matter of course. Providing students with the right environment for the brain to perform what it is designed to do, and being mindful of not creating any roadblocks to the brain’s function of learning, will create a more enriching experience for students.
Based on much of the latest brain research, scientists believe that the human brain works best when it is challenged, when the person feels safe and non-threatened, and when the learning experience is one of immersion verses merely passively observing. Two researchers who have done much work in the field of brain-based learning are Renate and Geoffrey Caine. They have described twelve principles of the brain that they feel are important when considering the connection between how the brain works and the most effective approach to learning. In summary:
• |
The brain is a parallel processor, meaning it can perform several activities at once, like tasting and smelling. |
|
|
• |
Learning engages the whole physiology. |
|
|
• |
The search for meaning is innate. |
|
|
• |
The search for meaning comes through patterning. |
|
|
• |
Emotions are critical to patterning. |
|
|
• |
The brain processes wholes and parts simultaneously. |
|
|
• |
Learning involves both focused attention and peripheral perception. |
|
|
• |
Learning involves both conscious and unconscious processes. |
|
|
• |
We have two types of memory: spatial and rote. |
|
|
• |
We understand best when facts are embedded in natural, spatial memory. |
|
|
• |
Learning is enhanced by challenge and inhibited by threat. |
|
|
• |
Each brain is unique. |
Taking into consideration these twelve principles, Caine and Caine developed three circumstances they feel describe the most advantageous environment for learning:
A state of relaxed alertness consists of high challenge combined with low threat. Students who are challenged yet not overwhelmed with an unrealistic degree of difficulty learn much better than students who are not challenged or do not feel anxious about not understanding what is being taught. Providing an experience that allows the student to think through the problem presented at a level at which they can obtain the answer gives the student the best advantage to learning.
The orchestrated immersion of the student results in a complete, holistic experience. The students who use a multi-sensory approach to learning gain more from their experience. Allowing students to participate in hands-on projects that include discussion, group and individual problem solving, and involving real-life learning will offer the optimal opportunity for meaningful learning.
The active processing of experience serves as the basis for making meaning. When students experience learning rather than passively observe the lesson, they create a much more meaningful connection. Giving students a chance to become active participants in their education provides them with an effective method of retaining what they learn.
Many of the ideas promoted through brain-based learning draw from other educational theories--as well as common sense. This unity provides a comfort for many educators who have begun to structure their curriculum and teaching style around these assumptions. As the sciences of neurology and neuropsychology continue to develop in the coming years, it will be interesting to watch the theories asserted in brain-based learning continue to evolve as well.
|